Ibiro bikuru by’igihugu gishinzwe kurwanya umwuzure no kurwanya amapfa byatangaje ku mugaragaro ku ya 1 Nyakanga ko igihugu cyanjye cyinjiye mu gihe cy’umwuzure mu buryo bwose, kurwanya imyuzure no gutabara amapfa ahantu hatandukanye byinjiye mu bihe bikomeye, ndetse n’ibikoresho byo kurwanya imyuzure. binjiye muburyo bwo "kuburira" icyarimwe.
Ugereranije ibikoresho byo kurwanya umwuzure byatangajwe mu myaka yashize, urashobora kubona ko imifuka iboshywe, geotextile, ibikoresho birwanya filteri, ibiti, ibiti, ibyuma, pompe zirohama, nibindi bikiri abanyamuryango b’ibikoresho byo kurwanya umwuzure.Ibitandukanye n’imyaka yashize ni uko muri uyu mwaka, igipimo cya geotextile mu bikoresho byo kurwanya imyuzure kigeze kuri 45%, kikaba ari cyo kinini mu myaka yashize, kandi kikaba cyarabaye “umufasha mushya” ukomeye mu kurwanya imyuzure no mu bikorwa byo gutabara amapfa. .
Mubyukuri, usibye kugira uruhare runini mu bikorwa byo kurwanya umwuzure, mu myaka yashize, ibikoresho bya geotextile byakoreshejwe neza mu mihanda minini, gari ya moshi, kubungabunga amazi, ubuhinzi, ibiraro, ibyambu, ubwubatsi bushingiye ku bidukikije, ingufu z’inganda n’indi mishinga hamwe na byo ibintu byiza cyane.Itsinda rya Freedonia, ikigo kizwi cyane cyo kugisha inama amasoko muri Amerika, rivuga ko ukurikije uko isi ikenera imihanda, kubaka ubuziranenge no kurengera ibidukikije, ndetse no kwagura izindi nzego zikoreshwa, isi yose izakenera geosintetike izagera Muri metero kare 5.2 muri 2017. Mu Bushinwa, Ubuhinde, Uburusiya n'ahandi, hateganijwe ibikorwa remezo byinshi kandi bizashyirwa mu bikorwa umwe umwe.Hamwe n’ihindagurika ry’amabwiriza yo kurengera ibidukikije n’amabwiriza yo kubaka, aya masoko azamuka biteganijwe ko azagenda yiyongera mu gihe gikurikira.Muri byo, icyifuzo cy’iterambere ry’Ubushinwa giteganijwe kugera kuri kimwe cya kabiri cy’ibisabwa ku isi yose.Ibihugu byateye imbere nabyo bifite ubushobozi bwo gukura.Muri Amerika ya Ruguru, nk'urugero, iterambere riterwa ahanini n’amategeko mashya y’ubwubatsi n’amabwiriza y’ibidukikije, kandi biragereranywa mu Burayi bw’iburengerazuba n’Ubuyapani.
Raporo y’ubushakashatsi yakozwe n’isosiyete ikora ubushakashatsi ku isoko Transparency Market Research ivuga ko isoko rya geotextile ku isi rizakomeza kwiyongera ku gipimo cy’ubwiyongere bwa buri mwaka kingana na 10.3% mu myaka 4 iri imbere, naho muri 2018, agaciro k’isoko kaziyongera kugera kuri miliyoni 600 z'amadolari y'Amerika;Ibikenerwa kuri geotextile biziyongera kugera kuri metero kare 3.398 muri 2018, kandi umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka uzaguma kuri 8,6% muri icyo gihe.Ibyiringiro byiterambere birashobora gusobanurwa nk "bikomeye".
Isi yose: Indabyo yo gusaba "irabya hose"
Nka gihugu gifite ikoreshwa rya geotextile nyinshi ku isi, muri iki gihe Amerika ifite amasosiyete manini agera kuri 50 akora inganda za geosynthetike ku isoko.Mu mwaka wa 2013, Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zatangaje itegeko ryo gutwara abantu n'ibintu MAP-21, rishobora kuzuza ibisabwa bya tekiniki bijyanye no kubaka ibikorwa remezo byo gutwara abantu no gucunga imiterere.Nk’uko iri tegeko ribiteganya, guverinoma izatanga miliyari 105 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ibikorwa byo gutwara abantu ku butaka muri Amerika.Bwana Ramkumar Sheshadri, wasuye umwarimu w’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda muri Amerika Nonwovens Industry, yagaragaje ko nubwo gahunda y’imihanda minini y’ibihugu bya guverinoma ihuriweho na leta izagira ingaruka ku isoko rya kaburimbo muri Nzeri 2014 kugeza ubu ntiramenyekana, ariko bikaba byanze bikunze ko isoko ry’imyororokere yo muri Amerika rizaba ku isoko.Muri 2014, yageze ku iterambere rya 40%.Bwana Ramkumar Sheshadri yahanuye kandi ko mu myaka 5 kugeza kuri 7 iri imbere, isoko rya geosintetike yo muri Amerika rishobora kubyara miliyoni 3 kugeza kuri miliyoni 3.5 z'amadolari y'Amerika.
Mu karere k'Abarabu, kubaka umuhanda no kurwanya isuri ni byo bice bibiri binini bikoreshwa muri geotextile, kandi biteganijwe ko hakenerwa ingufu za geotextile zo kurwanya isuri ku mwaka ku kigero cya 7.9%.Muri uyu mwaka, “Iterambere rya Geotextile na Geogrids muri Leta zunze ubumwe z'Abarabu (UAE) ndetse n'Inama ishinzwe ubutwererane bw'Ikigobe (GCC)” ryerekanye ko hamwe niyongera ry'imishinga y'ubwubatsi, isoko rya geotextile mu nkiko za UAE na GCC rizagera kuri miliyoni 101 Amadolari y'Abanyamerika, bikaba biteganijwe ko arenga miliyoni 200 z'amadolari ya Amerika muri 2019;ukurikije ubwinshi, umubare wibikoresho bya tekiniki byakoreshejwe muri 2019 bizagera kuri metero kare 86.8.
Muri icyo gihe kandi, guverinoma y'Ubuhinde irateganya kubaka umuhanda wa kilometero 20 w’igihugu, uzashishikariza guverinoma gushora miliyari 2,5 z'amayero mu bicuruzwa bikomoka ku nganda;guverinoma ya Berezile n’Uburusiya nazo ziherutse gutangaza ko zizubaka imihanda yagutse, izarushaho gukora neza ku bicuruzwa bikomoka ku nganda.Gukenera ibikoresho bizerekana umurongo uzamuka;kuzamura ibikorwa remezo by’Ubushinwa nabyo birakomeje muri 2014.
Imbere mu rugo: “umufuka wibiseke” wibibazo bidakemutse
Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere politiki, ibicuruzwa by’igihugu cya geosynthetike bimaze kugira umusingi runaka, ariko haracyari “imifuka y’ibibazo binini kandi bito” nko gusubiramo urwego rwo hasi, kutita ku iterambere ry’ibicuruzwa n’ubushakashatsi bw’imbere mu gihugu no hanze.
Wang Ran, umwarimu mu ishuri ry’ubumenyi n’ubuhanga muri kaminuza ya Nanjing, mu kiganiro yagaragaje ko iterambere ry’inganda za geotextile ridatandukana n’ubuyobozi bwa guverinoma no kuyiteza imbere.Ibinyuranye, urwego rusange rwa tekiniki yinganda ruracyari murwego rwo hasi.Kurugero, inganda za geotextile mubihugu byateye imbere nku Buyapani na Amerika bizashora imbaraga nyinshi mubutunzi nubutunzi mubushakashatsi bwubuhanga nubushakashatsi bwibanze bw’ikirere, kandi bukore ubushakashatsi bwibanze ku ngaruka z’ibidukikije by’ikirere ku bicuruzwa na ingaruka ziterwa nibidukikije byo mu nyanja kubicuruzwa.Akazi katanze ingwate zubushakashatsi bwibanze mu kuzamura ubuziranenge na tekiniki y’ibicuruzwa byakurikiyeho, ariko igihugu cyanjye gifite ubushakashatsi n’ishoramari bike muri uru rwego.Byongeye kandi, ireme ryibicuruzwa bisanzwe biracyakenewe kunozwa, kandi haracyari ibyumba byinshi byo kunoza ikoranabuhanga.
Usibye ibyuma ntabwo "bigoye" bihagije, inkunga ya software ntabwo yakomeje.Kurugero, kubura ibipimo nimwe mubibazo bikomeye mugutezimbere inganda zigihugu cya geotextile.Ibihugu by’amahanga byashyizeho uburyo bwuzuye, bwuzuye kandi bugabanijwe hakurikijwe ibikoresho bitandukanye bibisi, imirima ikoreshwa, imikorere, tekinike yo gutunganya, nibindi, kandi biracyavugururwa kandi biravugururwa.Ugereranije, igihugu cyanjye gikiri inyuma cyane muriki kibazo.Ibipimo byashyizweho muri iki gihe birimo ibice bitatu: ibisobanuro bya tekiniki ikoreshwa, ibipimo byibicuruzwa nibipimo byikizamini.Ibipimo byikizamini cya geosynthetike ikoreshwa ahanini byakozwe hifashishijwe ibipimo bya ISO na ASTM.
Impano: "Itumanaho ushishikaye" mubwubatsi bwa tekiniki
Gutezimbere mubyukuri ntabwo bigoye.Dukurikije imibare yakozwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda z’inganda z’Ubushinwa, inganda z’ikoranabuhanga mu gihugu cyanjye zihura n’ibidukikije byiza: icya mbere, leta ikomeje kongera ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo byo gutwara abantu, kandi ishoramari ryo kubungabunga amazi naryo ryiyongereye cyane, ritanga abakiriya bahagije ku nganda ;icya kabiri, Isosiyete ikora ubushakashatsi ku isoko ryubwubatsi bushingiye ku bidukikije, kandi ibyo isosiyete ikora byuzuye mu mwaka.Inganda zo kurengera ibidukikije zahindutse ingingo nshya yiterambere ryibikoresho bya tekiniki.Icya gatatu, hamwe n’iterambere ry’imishinga y’ubwubatsi y’amahanga mu gihugu cyanjye, ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga mu gihugu cyanjye byagiye mu mahanga gutera inkunga imishinga minini minini.
Zhang Hualin, umuyobozi mukuru wa Yangtze River Estuary Waterway Construction Co., Ltd., yizera ko geotextile ifite isoko ryiza mu gihugu cyanjye, ndetse ikaba ifatwa nk’isoko rinini rishobora kuba ku isi.Zhang Hualin yagaragaje ko ibikoresho bya geosintetike birimo ubwubatsi, kubungabunga amazi, imyenda n’izindi nzego, kandi inganda zinyuranye zigomba gukomeza guhanahana amakuru buri gihe, kongera ingufu mu iterambere ry’ubufatanye bw’ibicuruzwa bya geosintetike, no gukora igishushanyo mbonera n’ibikorwa by’inganda zitandukanye, imiterere itandukanye y’ubuhanga. serivisi.Muri icyo gihe, abahinguzi ba geotextile badoda imyenda bagomba kurushaho kwagura iterambere ryimishinga ijyanye nayo, kandi bagatanga ibikoresho bifasha amasosiyete agura ibicuruzwa byo hasi binyuze mubufatanye namasosiyete yo hejuru, kugirango ibicuruzwa bishobore gukoreshwa neza mumishinga.
Byongeye kandi, ikizamini gikenewe ni ugukurikirana ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa nubwiza bwubwubatsi, kandi binashinzwe umutungo wabantu.Kugenzura ubuziranenge bwumushinga no kurinda umutekano wubwubatsi nigice cyingenzi mubikorwa bya injeniyeri.Nyuma yimyaka myinshi yikizamini gifatika, byagaragaye ko ibicuruzwa nubuhanga biranga geosynthetike bishobora kumvikana hifashishijwe ibizamini bya laboratoire cyangwa gupima umurima wa geosynetique, hanyuma hakamenyekana ibipimo nyabyo byo gushushanya.Ibipimo byerekana geosynthetike muri rusange bigabanijwemo ibipimo ngenderwaho byimikorere yumubiri, ibipimo ngenderwaho byubukanishi, ibipimo byerekana imikorere ya hydraulic, ibipimo byerekana igihe kirekire, nibipimo byerekana imikoranire hagati ya geosintetike nubutaka.Hamwe nogukoresha cyane geotextile mubwubatsi bwubwubatsi no gukoresha uburyo bwo gupima buhanitse, ibipimo byigihugu byipimisha nabyo bigomba gukomeza kunozwa.
Ese inzira yo hejuru no kumanuka ihuza iriteguye?
Uruganda ruvuga
Abakoresha bahangayikishijwe no kuzamura ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa
Mu mishinga y’ibikorwa remezo by’amahanga, igipimo cy’imyenda y’inganda mu nganda kigeze kuri 50%, mu gihe igipimo cy’imbere mu gihugu ari 16% kugeza 17%.Ikinyuranyo kigaragara kandi cyerekana umwanya munini witerambere mubushinwa.Nyamara, guhitamo ibikoresho byo murugo cyangwa ibikoresho byatumijwe mu mahanga byatumye inganda nyinshi zinganda zishira.
Turemera ko ku ikubitiro, iyo duhuye no gushidikanya ku bikorwa by’ibikoresho byo mu rugo n’inganda z’inganda, mu byukuri byari “ibinyoma”, ariko ni ukubera ko gushidikanya twatezimbere cyane, kandi ubu ntabwo bifite igiciro cyibikoresho gusa ni 1/3 cyibikoresho bitumizwa mu mahanga, ubuziranenge bwimyenda iremereye yakozwe hafi cyangwa niyo nziza kuruta iy'amahanga.Ntawahakana ko nubwo igihugu cyacu kiri inyuma gato mu iterambere ry’ibicuruzwa byiza, urwego rwimbere mu gihugu rugeze ku rwego rwa mbere mu rwego rw’imyenda y’inganda.
Shijiazhuang Textile Machinery Co., Ltd., nkurwego runini rukora inganda zidasanzwe z’imyenda y’inganda mu Bushinwa, rukora cyane cyane imashini nini ya polyester meshi, umukandara w’imikandara myinshi yo gucukura inganda, hamwe n’imyenda ya geotextile.Uyu munsi, uruganda rwihatiye kubaka uruganda rukora imyenda itatu rukumbi rutunganya imyenda mu Bushinwa hifashishijwe ikigo cy’imashini cya GCMT2500 kizunguruka cya CNC hamwe n’imyenda itatu y’imyuga irimo gutezwa imbere kandi ikorerwa mu igeragezwa, bityo ikinjira mu nganda za gisirikare kandi Gutanga umusanzu mu nganda zigihugu zigihugu.
Nubwo icyiciro cyibikoresho byo gukora uruganda atari kinini, ubwoko burakungahaye, kandi burashobora gutegurwa mubikorwa bitandukanye.Ibikoresho byakozwe nibyacu birashobora kandi kugera ku mutekano mwiza, kandi bigatsinda ikibazo cyo kutabasha guhagarara umwanya uwariwo wose, bikagabanya ibyago byinenge mumashanyarazi.Muri byo, imyenda iringaniye yinzira eshatu ntishobora kongera imbaraga zamarira yibicuruzwa gusa, ariko kandi nimbaraga zintambara hamwe nubudodo bwibicuruzwa byiyongera icyarimwe.Hou Hou Jianming (Umuyobozi mukuru wungirije wa Shijiazhuang Textile Machinery Co., Ltd.)
Urwego rwo hasi rw'ikoranabuhanga ntirushobora kwirengagizwa
igihugu cyanjye cya geotextile kizakomeza kwiyongera ku mibare ibiri mu myaka 15 iri imbere, harimo iyubakwa ry’amazi, imishinga yo kohereza amazi mu majyepfo y’amajyaruguru, ndetse n’imishinga nk’ibyambu, inzuzi, ibiyaga n’inyanja, no kugenzura umucanga.Biteganijwe ko ishoramari rizagera kuri tiriyari imwe.
Dufashe nk'urugero rw'amazi ya Yangtze Umugezi w’amazi, umushinga wose w’amazi y’uruzi rwa Yangtze usaba metero kare miliyoni 30 za geotextile.Icyiciro cya mbere cyumushinga ushora miliyari 3.25 yuan imaze gukoresha metero kare miliyoni 7 za geotextile zitandukanye.Duhereye ku gutanga isoko, hagaragaye inganda zirenga 230 zikomoka kuri geotextile hamwe n’umurongo urenga 300 w’umusaruro wagaragaye mu gihugu hose, aho umusaruro w’umwaka urenga metero kare miliyoni 500, ushobora kuzuza ibisabwa mu buryo bwose.Ku ruhande rumwe, ni isoko ishimishije ku isoko, ku rundi ruhande, ni ingwate yo gutanga isoko.Nubwoko bushya bwibikoresho byubaka bifite imbaraga nimbaraga zinganda nyinshi, geotextile irihutirwa mugihugu cyanjye uyumunsi mugihe kwagura ibyifuzo byimbere mu gihugu no kongera ibikorwa remezo.ibisobanuro bifatika.
Ariko, kuri ubu, igihugu cyanjye kitarimo imyenda ya geomaterial iracyafite ikibazo cyubwoko butandukanye bwibicuruzwa hamwe nibitangwa bidahuye, kandi ibikoresho bimwe bidasanzwe bidafite ubushakashatsi n’umusaruro.Mu mishinga yingenzi, kubera ibura ryubwoko cyangwa ubuziranenge, biracyakenewe gutumiza umubare munini wa geotextile yujuje ubuziranenge uturutse hanze.Byongeye kandi, inganda nyinshi za fibre mbisi ninganda za geotextile zigumana uburyo bubangikanye kandi bwigenga bwo gutunganya, ibyo bigabanya cyane ubwiza ninyungu ziterambere rya geotextile.Muri icyo gihe, uburyo bwo kuzamura ireme ryumushinga wose no kugabanya amafaranga menshi yo kubungabunga mugihe cyakurikiyeho nacyo nikibazo kidashobora kwirengagizwa.Njye mbona, ikoreshwa rya nyuma rya geotextile risaba ubufatanye bwuzuye murwego rwose rwinganda, kandi umusaruro uva mubikoresho fatizo, ibikoresho nibicuruzwa byanyuma birashobora kuzana igisubizo cyuzuye muruganda.Zhang Hualin (Umuyobozi mukuru wa Shandong Tianhai New Material Engineering Co., Ltd.)
Abahanga bavuga
Imyenda idasanzwe yuzuza icyuho murugo
Dufashe urugero rwa Shijiazhuang Uruganda rukora imyenda, mugihe twasuye urubuga, twabonye imyenda idasanzwe iremereye ikora.Ubugari bwayo burenga metero 15, ubugari bwimyenda ni metero 12.8, igipimo cyo kwinjiza weft ni 900 rpm, naho imbaraga zo gukubita ni toni 3./ m, irashobora kuba ifite ama frame 16 kugeza 24 yo gukiza, ubwinshi bwa weft burashobora kwiyongera cyangwa kugabanuka kuva 1200 / 10cm.Imyenda minini nayo ikora mesh rapier loom ihuza imashini, amashanyarazi, gaze, amazi numucyo.Ni ubwambere kuri twe kubibona no kumva twishimye cyane.Iyi myenda idasanzwe ntabwo yuzuza icyuho cyimbere mu gihugu gusa, ahubwo no kohereza hanze mumahanga.
Ni ngombwa cyane ko inganda zitanga umusaruro zihitamo icyerekezo cyiza cy'umusaruro.Ugomba gukora ibishoboka byose ukurikije uko wifashe, ugakora ibishoboka byose, kandi ugafata inshingano zawe mubushishozi.Gukoresha uruganda neza, urufunguzo ntabwo ari ukugira abakozi benshi, ahubwo ni ukugira ikipe yegeranye cyane kandi yunze ubumwe.□ Wu Yongsheng (Umujyanama mukuru w’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda z’imyenda mu Bushinwa)
Ibisobanuro bisanzwe bigomba kongerwa
Mu myaka 10 iri imbere cyangwa irenga mu gihugu cyanjye, hazubakwa imishinga myinshi y’ibikorwa remezo, kandi n’ibisabwa na geotextile nabyo biziyongera.Ubwubatsi bwubwubatsi bufite isoko rinini rishobora kuba, kandi Ubushinwa buzaba isoko rinini ryo kwamamaza kuri geosynthetike kwisi.
Geotextile nibicuruzwa bitangiza ibidukikije.Gukanguka kwisi yose kumenyekanisha ibidukikije byongereye icyifuzo cya geomembrane nibindi bikoresho byogukora inganda, kubera ko gukoresha ibyo bikoresho ntacyo bihindura kuri kamere kandi ntibitera ingaruka mbi kubidukikije byisi.Inzego zibishinzwe zita cyane kubikorwa no guteza imbere ibikoresho bya geosintetike.Leta izakoresha miliyari 720 Yuan kugirango irangize kubaka ibikorwa remezo bitandatu bikomeye mu myaka itatu.Muri icyo gihe, ibipimo byibicuruzwa, uburyo bwikizamini gishushanyo mbonera, hamwe nubuhanga bwa tekiniki yubwubatsi bwibikoresho bya geosintetike nabyo bigomba gukurikiranwa bikurikiranye.Intangiriro irashobora gushiraho uburyo bwiza bwo kwiteza imbere no gukoresha geosintetike.Zhang Ming (Porofeseri, Ishuri ry'ibikoresho Ubumenyi n'Ubwubatsi, Kaminuza ya Tianjin)
Imigendekere yisi yose
Geotextile kumihanda minini na gari ya moshi nayo ifata umuhanda w "ubwenge"
Umuyobozi wisi yose muri geotextile, Royal Dutch TenCate, aherutse gutangaza iterambere rya TenCate Mirafi RS280i, geotextile yubwenge yo gushimangira umuhanda na gari ya moshi.Igicuruzwa gihuza modulus ndende, dielectric ihoraho, gutandukana hamwe nubusabane buhebuje, kandi ubu bwinjiye mugihe cyo gusuzuma patenti.TenCate Mirafi RS280i nigicuruzwa cya gatatu kandi cyanyuma mubicuruzwa bya RSi bya TenCate.Ibindi bibiri ni TenCate Mirafi RS580i na TenCate Mirafi RS380i.Iyambere ifite injeniyeri nini nimbaraga nyinshi, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mugukomeza shingiro hamwe nubutaka bworoshye.Ikomeye, ifite amazi menshi kandi afite ubushobozi bwo gufata amazi yubutaka;icya nyuma kiroroshye kurusha RS580i kandi ni igisubizo cyubukungu kubice bifite ibyangombwa bidakenewe byo kongera umuhanda.
Byongeye kandi, “Vertical Sand Resistant Geotextile” yakozwe na Tencate yatsindiye “Water Innovation Award 2013 ″, ifatwa nk'igitekerezo gishya kidasanzwe, cyane cyane kibereye ibidukikije bidasanzwe by’Ubuholandi.Umusenyi uhagaze neza geotextile nigisubizo gishya cyo gukumira imiyoboro.Ihame shingiro nuko akayunguruzo k'imyenda yemerera gusa amazi kunyuramo, ariko ntabwo ari umucanga.Koresha imiterere ya barrière ya geotextile kugirango ukore imiyoboro kuri polder, kugirango umenye neza ko umucanga nubutaka biguma munsi yinkombe kugirango wirinde gutera inkombe guturika.Nk’uko amakuru abitangaza, iki gisubizo gikomoka kuri Tencate ya Geotube ya geotube.Uhujije ibi hamwe na tekinoroji ya GeoDetect ya Tencate isezeranya kuzakoresha amafaranga menshi mugihe uzamura levee.TenCate GeoDetect R nuburyo bwa mbere bwubwenge bwa geotextile kwisi.Sisitemu irashobora gutanga imiburo hakiri kare yo guhindura imiterere yubutaka.
Gukoresha fibre optique kuri geotextile irashobora kandi kuyiha imirimo idasanzwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-22-2022